Fresh Garlic
Importance
Garlic is the second most important bulb crop grown through the country after the onion. It has long been recognized all over the world as a valuable spice for foods and a popular remedy for various ailments and physiological disorders. Certified Fresh Garlic Cloves are also rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, phosphorus and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The uninjured Farm Fresh Garlic bulb contains a colourless, odourless water-soluble amino acid i.e. alliin. On crushing the garlic cloves the enzyme allinase breaks down alliin to produce allicin, which contains the sulphur rich compound called diallyl disulphide responsible for the true odour of garlic. The allicin present in garlic helps in reducing the cholesterol concentration in human blood and also acts as a blood purifier. The inhalation of garlic juice or oil has been recommended in cases of tuberculosis, sterility, impotency, cough and sore eyes. Garlic juice removes dandruff from the scalp and all types of spots from face. According to the Ayurvedic systems garlic is carminative and gastric stimulant thus, aids in digestion and absorption of food. The Arabians used all parts of garlic plant for the treatment of worms, snakebites, skin rashes and menstrual abnormalities. According to German physician it relieves constipation and eliminates flatulence. Chinese scientist has considered garlic as anticancerous properties. Their laboratory lists showed that it inhibits reproduction of toxic germs in the stomach, promotes secretion of gastric acid juice and stop synthesis of a carcinogen called nitrosamine.
Production Technology
The production and productivity of garlic in India is very low as compared to many other countries. Unawareness of the farmers about improved technology viz. high yielding varieties, congenial climate and soil, agro techniques, insect pest damaging the crop and their management though main reasons, inadequate market supply is also for limiting the production indirectly.
Climate
It is a cool season crop. Higher yields are obtained under in a mild climate. It can tolerate frost up to some extent. During maturity of the bulbs, long days and dry weather are beneficial while short days and cool temperature favour vegetative growth. As son as bulbing commences leaf initiation ceases. Because of this reason, garlic should be planted early to promote vegetative growth under short days and cool weather.
Soil
Garlic can be grown on variety of soils but thrives better on fertile, well-drained loamy soils. The bulbs get discolored in badly drained soils and pulling the bulbs from hard soils caused spitted and bruised loosing its storage life. pH should be in the range of 6-7.
Varieties
GHC-1 : This is the most popular variety of garlic in Kullu and Mandi districts of HP. It is high yielding, fragrant, bigger size cloves which are easy for peeling. Average yield is 200-225 q/ha contains 15-18 cloves in single bulb, mature crop 230 to 250 days
Sowing Time
Time of sowing of garlic depends on the altitude of the area where the crop is to be grown. However, in Himachal Pradesh the following sowing times are recommended
- Low Hill : October-November
- Mid Hill : Mid September-October
- High Hill : April
Seed rate and Spacing
Seed rate: In garlic, individual segment (cloves) is used for propagation. Cloves for planting should be buried in the soil at a depth of about 2 cm. Generally, 500-600 kg (small size cloves) and 800-900 kg (large size cloves) of garlic seed is required for planting one hectare of land.
Spacing
- Row to row : 20 cm
- Plant to plant : 10 cm
Fertilizers and Manures
| Fertilizers | Per hectare | Per Bigha |
| FYM | 250 q | 20 q |
| Method-I | ||
| Urea | 250 kg | 20 kg |
| SSP | 475 kg | 38kg |
| MOP | 100 kg | 8 kg |
| Method-II | ||
| 12:32:16 Mixed fertilizers | 234 kg | 19 kg |
| MOP | 37.5 kg | 3 kg |
| Urea | 210 kg | 16.8 kg |
- Total FYM should be incorporated in the soil at the time of preparation of field.
- Half of N and full P and K should be applied at the time of sowing
- Remaining half of N in two equal splits should be applied at 30 and 60 days after sowing.
Method-II :
- Total FYM should be incorporated in the soil at the time of preparation of field.
- Full of 12:32:16, K and half urea should be applied at the time of sowing
- Remaining urea in two equal splits should be applied at 30 and 60 days after sowing.
- Excessive N results in thick neck (undesirable)
- B helps in increasing the allyle propyle disulfide so, Borax @ 10 kg/ha should be applied.
Mulching :
- The garlic crop should be provided with a thin layer (4-5 cm) of mulch as dry leaves @ 5-6 t/ha or crop residues or 10-12 t/ha of well rotten FYM or Compost.
- Mulching increases soil temperature and moisture, ease germination, add organic matter and also smother the weeds.
Interculture :
- Garlic is shallow rooted crop and 2-3 hand weeding at 30 and 60 days after sowing is recommended.
Irrigation :
- Soil should be in optimum moisture at the time of planting the cloves.
- In general, garlic needs irrigation at an interval of 10 -12 days during vegetative growth and 15-20 days during maturation.
- Excessive irrigation results in sprouting of bulbs
- Irrigation after a long of drought results in splitting of bulbs.
Harvesting :
- The crop is considered ready for harvesting when the tops turn yellowish or brownish and show signs of drying up and bend to the ground.
- Early harvesting results in poor self life
- Delayed harvesting results in splitting and sprouting of bulbs.
Curing :
- Curing is an additional process of drying to remove the excess moisture. Bulbs are covered along with the tops of each other to avoid damage to the bulbs from sun.
- Bulbs are cured for 7-10 days in shade either with tops or after cutting the tops by leaving 2.5 cm to avoid the sun injury.
Yield :
- Scientifically managed crop of garlic can give as high as 250q/ha of yield
Storage :
- Garlic with leaves /tops can be stored by hanging in well-ventilated rooms. This is however is not possible on commercial scale.
- Perforated bags will prolong the storage life.
Plant Protection:
- A. Diseases
Purple Blotch : Incidence starts with appearance of water soaked areas on leaves and soon they become brown in colour and later purple zonated spots appear in centre. Moist weather conditions are favourable. Severity of disease causes falling of leaves and the bulbs of the affected pants may rot later.
Management
- Follow long crop rotations with unrelated crops.
- Destroy the infected plant debris.
- With the initiation of the disease, spray the crop with mancozeb (0.25%) or hexaconazole (0.05%).
Stemphylium Blight :
The disease appears on the radical leaves of transplanted seedlings at 3-4 leaf stages in the months of February and March. Purplish green coloured elongated spots appear on the leaves resulting in blighting.
Management :
- Collect and destroy the infected plant debris.
- Spray the crop with difenoconazole (0.015 %) and repeat at fortnight interval.
B. Insects :
Thrips : Causes serious damage to garlic shoots from February to may and produce whitish spots followed by drying of leaves.
Management :
- As and when the insects appear, spray the crop with Malathion (375 ml malathion) or carbaryl (1.5 kg Sevin) or marshal (750 ml) in 750 litres of water.
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| Business Type | Manufacturer, Exporter |
| Application | Cooking, Snacks |
| Cultivation Type | Organic |
| Scientific Name | Allium Sativum |
| Vitamin c | 31.2 mg (per 100 g) |
| Protein | 6.36 g (per 100 g) |
| Energy | 148.9 Calories (per 100 g) |
| Origin | India |
Preferred Buyer From
| Location | India ( Himachal Pradesh only) & All other countries |
| Business Type | Manufacturer, Exporter |
| Application | Cooking |
| Cultivation Type | Organic |
| Scientific Name | Allium Sativum |
| Energy | 148.9 Calories (per 100 g) |
| Potassium | 401 mg (per 100 g) |
| Protein | 6.36 g (per 100 g) |
| Vitamin c | 31.2 mg (per 100 g) |
| Origin | India |
Preferred Buyer From
| Location | India ( Himachal Pradesh only) & All other countries |
